The Eternal Dance of the Gods: Dyo Pyakhan’s Story

Kathmandu: Dyo Pyakhan, a timeless tradition, is a sacred dance ritual deeply rooted in the tantric practices of Nepal. Performed annually in Bode, Madhyapur Thimi, for over 500 years, this revered event traces its origins to the Malla era. Celebrated over three days after Gai Jatra, it symbolizes a divine celebration of dance. Translating to “Dance of the Gods,” Dyo Pyakhan features 19 deities, including Bhairab, Barahi, and Ganesh. Each performer plays a significant role, embodying Bhaktapur’s rich spiritual and cultural heritage.

A visual communicator specializing in photography, Shrestha, found inspiration to document this extraordinary tradition through his lifelong connection to it. Born and raised in Bhaktapur, he began photographing local cultures and rituals in 2008. Through his lens, he aims to preserve the spiritual and cultural essence of Dyo Pyakhan for future generations. “This tradition has survived earthquakes, pandemics, and immense social changes. It’s more than a performance—it’s a belief system. Documenting it ensures it remains alive for generations to come,” he explains.

The dance demands unwavering discipline from its performers, who dance from dawn until noon, abstaining from eating, speaking, or sitting. Each movement reflects years of rigorous training and devotion. Male performers follow tantric rituals that have been passed down through generations, adding to the sanctity of the performance.

Shrestha’s photography captures the intricate details of masks and costumes central to the visual and spiritual narrative of Dyo Pyakhan. The masks, each representing a deity, are masterfully crafted, their iconography instantly recognizable even from afar. The ornate jewelry, particularly that of Bhairab, showcases the elaborate craftsmanship and dedication that sustain this tradition. “These masks aren’t just props—they’re spiritual cables connecting performers to divinity,” Shrestha explains.

Through his lens, Shrestha also brings to life the mythology that breathes meaning into Dyo Pyakhan. According to folklore, Nilbarahi Devi, a deity, taught the sacred dance after kidnapping an individual from a nearby jungle. This tale underscores the ritual’s spiritual significance and its connection to divine intervention.

One of the most visually and technically challenging moments for Shrestha to capture is the synchronised Simha jump, a highlight of the performance. “The anticipation for this moment is electrifying. The energy is palpable, and capturing it is always rewarding,” he shares.

Community support plays a crucial role in keeping the tradition alive. Families and helpers contribute by preparing deity crowns, lighting traditional oil lamps for 12 hours, and ensuring every detail of the ritual is meticulously executed.

Shrestha’s exhibition, held at Akha, Dyo Chhen, from December 27-29, brought this ancient tradition to life through a curated series of photographs. Each image tells a story—from the disciplined routines of performers to the intricate symbolism of their attire.

Despite the joy of documenting Dyo Pyakhan, Shrestha acknowledges the challenges it faces, particularly the dwindling number of traditional gurus and caste restrictions limiting who can perform. However, his 15-year journey documenting the festival has been deeply fulfilling. “People now associate me with Nilbarahi Naach. It has become a milestone in my career, blending storytelling, research, and photography,” he reflects.

For Shrestha, Dyo Pyakhan represents more than just a cultural tradition. It stands as a testament to resilience, belief, and unity. His work ensures that this sacred dance, deeply rooted in spirituality and history, continues to inspire and educate, bridging the past with the future.